Tim McCready talks to Gary Blick, Auckland Council’s new chief economist about Auckland’s long-term performance and the pandemic’s impact on the city centre.
As Auckland Council’s chief economist, Gary Blick assists Council staff and elected officials to evaluate the economic implications of policy and infrastructure proposals. This means assessing the likely impacts on society’s resources and wellbeing over time – including the financial, social, environmental and cultural aspects.
Originally from Southland, Blick has been in the role since late last year and has lived in Auckland for the past decade. He is particularly interested in the long-term performance and trends of the region and thinks a lot about the wellbeing of Aucklanders now and in the future, and the legacy we will leave them. He says this includes not only those that migrate to the city, but the children and future generations that do not have a voice here yet.
“I often think about the generation I am – what did we inherit? A lot of great things, but then you think about missed opportunities,” he says.
“It is very easy to get caught up with where we are now in terms of the economic cycle and what is happening with housing this month or this quarter, but I am particularly interested in where we have come from, and where we are heading over the long run.”
Getting the foundations right
Blick says for Auckland to be successful in enhancing living standards for residents, including future generations, cities need to get a couple of foundations right.
“For me it is about using our land efficiently and improving accessibility in terms of how we get around,” he says. This means enabling more people to live in locations with good proximity to job opportunities, transport links and amenities. “Many other things matter too, but getting those things right matters a lot because they are the foundations for everything else.”
The Unitary Plan, implemented in 2016, has helped Auckland to take important steps forward with its land use and transport links, including enabling more opportunities to build multi-unit dwellings such as townhouses and apartments.
“All else being equal, having more development opportunities enabled and a more responsive supply of dwellings is supportive of improved affordability over time,” Blick says.
He points to econometric research into construction activity trends that shows, relative to plausible counterfactuals, there was a material boost to supply following the Unitary Plan. He says this likely contributed to the stabilisation of Auckland house prices from 2017 to 2019.
But he acknowledges that events over the past couple of years have complicated the situation, and says it feels like housing affordability took several steps forward with the Unitary Plan, but a step or two back recently with house prices increasing approximately 40 per cent over the past two years.
“The pandemic crisis caused central banks everywhere to head off a drop off in demand and introduce low interest rates to try and stimulate activity and maintain employment. That enabled people to bid a bit more for houses,” says Blick.
“Then with rising case numbers and public health restrictions, we have seen disruptions to supply chains globally, as well as the closing of the borders and a reduction in cross-border labour flows.”
This is problematic because since before the pandemic, Auckland has been losing more residents to elsewhere in New Zealand than it has gained. There were net losses in internal migration in 2019 (11,400 people), 2020 (11,100) and 2021 (13,500), showing that plenty of people judged they would be better off living in other regions and raising a question about Auckland’s overall liveability.
Blick expects the border reopening will see population growth resume as migrants and New Zealanders with needed skills arrive or return to the city, but he cautions that if Auckland isn’t doing as well as it could be then the city may miss out as those with needed skills compare Auckland to other places.
“Liveability and productivity depend on many factors, but it is reasonable to ask whether Auckland can do better on the fundamentals of land use and transport networks,” he says.
Covid-19 hangover in the city centre
The impact of the pandemic has been uneven across businesses.
“The city centre is home to many large professional services and financial services firms that have big office-based workforces with perhaps more flexibility to adapt and adopt remote working,” says Blick.
“Often their customer base is not foot traffic on the street, it is with other businesses and may involve exporting services to elsewhere in New Zealand.”
Even so, GDP – as the measure of the economic output of all businesses in the city centre – decreased by 4.6 per cent for the year to March 2021 – more than the decrease of 2.8 per cent for Auckland as a whole.
But it is the hospitality, retail and events-focused businesses that have borne the brunt of the loss in visitors to the city centre. Heart of the City data last month showed that city centre spending was down more than 40 per cent on the same time last year, and pedestrian counts were almost 50 per cent down.
“Household spending has held up well, but the city centre has lost out as spending has been reoriented to other locations, whether that is online or other centres of Auckland,” says Blick.
While employers and workers have become more comfortable with remote working, he doesn’t expect this to have a permanent devastating impact on the city centre.
“Having that choice may suit some workers and it may mean there are fewer visits on a daily basis from people in the near term relative to before,” he says. “But not all jobs lend themselves to being done remotely on a permanent basis, and people joining the workforce and those starting in new roles may seek in-person collaboration and opportunities to build up their connections.”
The city centre is comparatively very accessible, Blick says, and the concentration of people and businesses in proximity can deliver productivity gains known as agglomeration benefits.
Proximity promotes ease of access, lower transport costs, and knowledge sharing, and a higher population density enhances proximity benefits by supporting deeper labour pools and specialisation among suppliers. As a result, cities can offer higher-paying jobs, as well as more choices in consumption and leisure.
It is this that Blick says will stand Auckland in good stead for the economic recovery post-Covid.
“There’s a good case that the reduction in visits to the city centre will be made back over time, because of its long-run trend growth in density, economic activity and jobs.”
https://www.timmccready.nz/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Gary-Blick-Tim-McCready-2022-04-27.jpg16511114tim.mccreadyhttps://www.timmccready.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/TimMcCready_banner.pngtim.mccready2022-04-27 08:04:172022-04-28 17:05:23Project Auckland: Gary Blick on creating foundations for the future (NZ Herald)
https://www.timmccready.nz/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Chiasma-career-talk.jpg10801920tim.mccreadyhttps://www.timmccready.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/TimMcCready_banner.pngtim.mccready2022-03-18 18:17:562022-04-24 18:22:13My journey working in STEM: a career talk for Chiasma (The University of Auckland)
The business climate has been anything but predictable over the past two years.
The Covid-19 pandemic has caused upheaval and seen companies scramble to adapt to a rapidly changing environment — the most visible changes have been the rapid uptake of digital technologies and the rise of remote and hybrid working.
That unpredictability looks set to continue, but there are several underlying trends for businesses to keep in mind as they navigate the year ahead.
A new era of geopolitics
In response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the US and EU have cut selected banks from Swift and closed airspace to Russian planes. Further sanctions have been imposed on Russia’s central bank, aimed at preventing it from accessing reserves.
While the crisis might be on the other side of the world, the economic impact will ripple through the global economy and reach NZ shores.
Russia is the world’s second-largest exporter of crude oil and refined petrol, and the world’s largest exporter of natural gas. Global crude oil prices have already reached their highest levels since 2014, and it is expected that prices will go even higher as the conflict persists. This will impact fuel, supply chains, and the cost of goods in general.
Businesses should also brace for cyberattacks, which many predict Russia will use in response to sanctions. NZ’s National Cyber Security Centre (part of the GCSB) recently released an advisory encouraging nationally significant organisations to consider their security, exercise readiness, and monitor for relevant cyber security developments.
Closer to home, the South China Sea and China’s increasing influence in the Pacific continues to cause fractures in the relationship between China and the United States.
Just prior to the Beijing Winter Olympics in a joint statement, President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin denounced interference from the United States in their affairs and opposed further enlargement of Nato.
While New Zealand has so far managed to carefully navigate its relationship with China, we will face increased pressure as Australia, the United States and the UK make stronger statements about China’s behaviour. At last year’s Apec CEO Summit, President Xi warned Asia-Pacific nations to not “relapse into the confrontation and division of the Cold War-era”.
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern noted at last year’s China Business Summit that differences between NZ and China were “becoming harder to reconcile” as Beijing’s role in the world grows and changes, and that “managing the relationship is not always going to be easy and there can be no guarantees”.
With geopolitics entering a new era, businesses must walk a geopolitical tightrope and be ready to respond as events occurring elsewhere in the world impact their own operations, relationships, and people.
Increased employee turnover becoming harder to prevent
Since the start of the pandemic, the “Great Resignation” has gained momentum. The pandemic has shifted the mindset of employees, and seen them leave their jobs in search for a better work-life balance, remote work opportunities, increased flexibility or higher pay. In some cases they are moving to organisations that provide a better sense of purpose and meaning, with values that align with their own.
In order to remain competitive and attract and retain workers, companies have to rethink the benefits they offer and clearly articulate their purpose.
This is particularly true for knowledge sectors — those industries significantly reliant on the use of technology and human capital. The tight labour market around the world has seen those workplaces that don’t offer the flexibility and purpose demanded by their employees hindered by increased turnover in a market where good talent is hard to find.
But remote and hybrid has introduced new challenges for business.
The removal of a commute dramatically increases the pool of potential companies for employees. Someone living in Taranaki can now apply for remote working roles in Wellington or Auckland that might have previously been unobtainable to them.
It also limits the social ties that employees make with colleagues.
We have all been to staff farewells where we are told by the departing employee “it is the people here that makes it so hard to leave this job”. These connections that might have once encouraged employees to remain in their job have become weaker and will see the great resignation becoming a sustained challenge for business to grapple with.
Four-day work week gaining momentum
As an alternative to negotiating remuneration with employees and becoming drawn into a bidding war with other workplaces, there has been a rise in companies offering a shorter work week as a bargaining chip.
One example of reduced hours is the four-day work week, which is gaining momentum around the world.
NZ’s Perpetual Guardian trialled a four-day week in 2018 — a world-first for a privately held company.
The eight-week experiment measured productivity, motivation and output, with staff paid the same amount for working fewer hours. It discovered productivity improved 20 per cent, and employees were more creative, committed and less stressed. It has since made the move permanent.
Perpetual Guardian founder Andrew Barnes says the four-day working week is “not just having a day off a week — it’s about delivering productivity, and meeting customer service standards, meeting personal and team business goals and objectives”.
More companies are now beginning to trial shorter work weeks.
A four-day week pilot in the United Kingdom begins in June, with 30 companies signed up so far. The pilot is run by 4 Day Week Global, an organisation that advocates for the shorter week. It says similar programmes are set to start in the US and Ireland, with more planned for Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
Wellness on the way up
Covid-19 has put significant strain on the workforce. Uncertainty around job security, lockdowns, social isolation and limited social contact all contributed to the mental health crisis and exacerbated stress, anxiety and depression for both employers and employees.
The challenge of retaining good employees has seen businesses and business leaders prioritise health and build a culture of wellbeing in the workplace that openly supports mental health.
Many organisations have introduced wellbeing programmes, which include partnerships with mental health providers, subscriptions to mental health apps, fitness classes and additional days off. Last year, Westpac New Zealand introduced five days a year of wellbeing leave, and NZX-listed Vista Group introduced half-day Fridays for all its staff.
Research conducted by the New Zealand Institute of Economic Research last year on behalf of Xero showed investing in employee wellbeing can help to make a business more profitable.
It estimated that for every dollar a small business invests in company-wide wellbeing initiatives for staff, it can expect to see a return of up to 12 times within a year.
The impact of Omicron (and future variants)
Overlaying all these trends, Covid-19 remains present. While the world welcomed the news that the highly transmissible Omicron variant is associated with less severe disease than earlier variants, a pattern of new variants around every six months has emerged.
Since there is a risk of the virus mutating each time it reproduces, the greater transmissibility from Omicron brings with it an even greater chance of new variants emerging.
It was hoped by many that the vaccine rollout would bring an end to the pandemic, but it looks increasingly likely that Covid-19 — in one form or another — is here to stay.
New tools like antivirals, antibody treatments and new vaccines are coming on board this year, which will help us navigate Covid-19 as it becomes an endemic disease.
These will be important as 2022 (hopefully) becomes the year that businesses, employers, employees and government finally reach post-pandemic normality. In a year fraught with challenges of all kinds to navigate, that is something that should bring hope to us all.
https://www.timmccready.nz/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Business-trends-2022-Tim-McCready.jpg726501tim.mccreadyhttps://www.timmccready.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/TimMcCready_banner.pngtim.mccready2022-03-03 11:06:072022-03-03 11:09:04Trends that matter in 2022 (NZ Herald)
The Herald’s Tim McCready looks back at the stories and headlines that shaped the front pages of the paper this year.
We had every reason to think this year would be better than 2020. The front page of the New Zealand Herald on January 1 shared that optimism: “With a vaccine rollout and travel bubbles looming, there are signs 2021 is looking up.”
And yet here we are, wrapping up another tumultuous year.
So much has happened that it is hard to believe it was early this year that the storming of the Capitol building by Trump supporters took place. The Herald led with ‘Democracy under attack’ as its cover story on the insurrection as leaders met to ratify the election victory of Joe Biden.
Despite his exit from the Oval Office this year, Trump’s face featured on the front pages of the Herald five times over the year (many will be thankful this is significantly down from 15 last year). President Biden had a relatively quiet year, appearing just three times on the covers (compared with 10 last year).
Other significant events that shaped the year and the front pages were the death of Prince Philip in April, the prolonged Samoan democracy crisis in May, the freak tornado in Auckland in June, and the New Lynn supermarket terror attack in September.
Topping the count of cover appearances again this year is Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, who featured 42 times – down from 62 in 2020.
Other politicians to rank are Grant Robertson, Chris Hipkins and Debbie Ngarewa-Packer (each appearing seven times), Judith Collins (six times, down from 27 last year) and Christopher Luxon (nine times) with a late surge in front page appearances after becoming National’s new leader in November.
Sporting successes
The Prada Cup was underway early in the year, followed by the America’s Cup in March when Team NZ’s battle against Italy’s Luna Rossa played out on the front pages. The dramatic races were summarised by headlines leading up to the win: ‘Luna Eclipsed’, ‘One race from glory’, then finally ‘Signed, sailed, delivered’ when Team NZ (along with all of us) could breathe again.
The excitement surrounding the Auld Mug defence saw Team NZ’s skipper and helmsman Peter Burling become the most featured sportsperson on the Herald’s front pages this year. With 12 appearances, he was ahead of last year’s leader, Beauden Barrett, who featured 10 times this year (compared with 26 in 2020).
The other major sporting event to feature on the front pages was the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics, held during July and August after a year-long pause.
New Zealand’s greatest medals tally gave the Herald plenty of opportunity to showcase sporting (and headline) success, with some of the best including:
‘Golden hour’: marking one of the most extraordinary hours in the country’s sporting history. Emma Twigg took gold in the women’s single sculls, the women’s eight claimed second, and the men’s eight won gold.
‘Seventh Heaven’: when the Black Ferns Sevens won gold after beating France in the Women’s Sevens final.
‘Mana Lisa’: when Lisa Carrington’s two gold medals within 90 minutes catapulted her into Olympic folklore.
Superstar Carrington featured on the front pages of the Herald seven times this year. She won three gold medals at the Games, becoming our most decorated Olympian with six medals.
Other notable sporting faces on the front pages of the Herald this year included Joseph Parker (11 times) and Kane Williamson (10 times), Sam Cane (seven times), Kyle Jamieson (six times) and Lydia Ko (four times).
The dawn of Delta
Of course, the most regular feature on front pages this year was the visitor we never wanted – Covid-19.
Our first brush with Covid’s return was in late January, with three people returning positive cases in the community following their managed isolation stay in the Pullman Hotel. Front page headlines ‘The waiting game,’ ‘Stress test,’ and ‘High anxiety’ in the days following captured the mood of the nation at the time.
In early April, 395 days after we closed our borders with Australia, quarantine-free travel with Australia resumed, celebrated with the front page declaring ‘Bubble time’ – though that was short-lived. ‘Frozen bubble’ was the headline in early May after flights from New South Wales were paused following two community cases found there.
New Zealand remained Covid-free in late April, when the Herald led with ‘Knocking it out of the park’ to celebrate one of the world’s highest-attended concerts since the pandemic began with about 50,000 Six60 fans at Eden Park.
‘Two close for comfort’ the Herald declared in June, after a Covid-infected Sydney tourist’s whirlwind weekend visit to Wellington forced the capital into alert level 2. This was followed three days later with ‘Bubble over,’ as the door on quarantine-free transtasman flights was slammed shut after Sydney was plunged into a two-week lockdown.
Then in August, the front page we had hoped not to see. ‘The dawn of Delta’ marked the beginning of Auckland’s longest lockdown, with equally terrifying headlines to follow, including: ‘Delta on your doorstep’, ‘Lockdown Xmas real risk for city’ and ‘On a Delta tightrope’.
90% project
In September, one month after Delta arrived on our shores, NZME and the Herald launched its 90% Project – a campaign to get at least 90 per cent of the eligible population fully vaccinated by Christmas with the front page declaring a ‘Call to arms’.
The 90 per cent target was later endorsed by the Government, with Ardern and director general of health Dr Ashley Bloomfield stating 90 per cent vaccination coverage would give strong national protection against the virus (Bloomfield featured on the front page six times this year, down from nine in 2020).
The rollout of the vaccine was tracked on front pages over the following months. Super Saturday had a cover packed with faces of politicians, sports stars, media personalities and ordinary New Zealanders – all encouraging vaccine uptake on what became the biggest mass vaccination event in New Zealand history.
As with almost any decision made throughout the pandemic, the opinions of commentators often graced the front pages, with some suggesting the 90 per cent target wouldn’t be possible, and epidemiologists called it ‘very aspirational’. But by mid-December New Zealand reached the vaccine milestone before the Christmas target.
I am at risk of repeating the prediction on the first front page this year, a New Year brings with it cause for cautious optimism. Events that will undoubtedly dominate the covers in 2022 include the Commonwealth Games, the Women’s Cricket and Rugby World Cups, the booster rollout and vaccination in children.
Covid-19 isn’t done with our front pages yet, but hopefully by this time next year the worst of the pandemic will be a distant memory.
Emmerson’s covers
Cartoons from the Herald’s editorial cartoonist Rod Emmerson were featured on several front pages, including:
‘Lighting the flame’ (for the swearing in of Joe Biden as the 46th President of the United States in January).
‘V-Day’ (depicting a doctor riding a vaccine syringe to earth to mark the start of New Zealand’s vaccine rollout in February, beginning with frontline workers).
‘The bare essentials’ (featuring Finance Minister Grant Robertson for Budget 2021 in May).
‘Kia kaha Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland’ (in September as Auckland entered its fourth week of lockdown and was reeling from the terrorist attack in a west Auckland supermarket).
Emmerson says he particularly enjoyed the caricature of Grant Robertson holding the ‘care bear budget’.
“A lot of work in that piece of art,” he says. “The bear has seen better days – an eye replaced with a button and a pinch dishevelled, but still does the job. There is also the New Zealand Nurses Organisation logo as a collar pin – a hat-tip to the ongoing nurses dispute!”
Before the end of this year, the Government will decide on the route, mode, and delivery for the project for the light rail project, which will run between Auckland’s city centre and Māngere, connecting majoremployment hubs in the city and the airport at each end.
Transport Minister Michael Wood acknowledges the decision has been a long time coming. He first launched the promise of light rail during his campaign for the Mount Roskill by-election in 2016 which brought him into Parliament. Labour campaigned on light rail at the 2017 election, but the move was stymied by Labour’s coalition partner New Zealand First in the last term of Government.
“It is no secret that it was in a fairly challenging stage at the end of the last term, and it had the political knockback between parties,” Wood says. “We had to have a reset which is effectively what happened this year. But it’s put us in a good position to take it to the next stage.”
The three options under consideration are:
• Light rail, a modern tram on city streets;
• Light metro, underground in a tunnel under the isthmus, and underground in Māngere and Onehunga, and at street level in other areas; and
• Tunnelled light rail, underground from Wynyard Quarter to Mt Roskill, and then up at street level to Auckland airport.
They were chosen after an assessment by the Auckland Light Rail team from over 50 different options for modes and routes against the project’s three objectives: improving accessibility, reducing Auckland’s carbon footprint, and unlocking urban development in the corridor.
Not a simple decision
The Auckland Light Rail project team say tunnelled light rail from Wynyard Quarter to Mt Roskill is their recommended option, as it gives the best transport and urban benefit, with the least disruption and the best fit with the network in future. Wood says this first line will provide a base for the additional Waitematā harbour crossing and a line to the Northwest.
“It’s also important to understand that this is just the start of light rail lines in Auckland to create a joined-up rapid transit network with our separated bus lanes and heavy rail network — all of which we are currently extending and upgrading.”
The three options will be able to accommodate between 19 and 24 per cent of Auckland’s growth along the corridor. The key thing about that is it supports us with housing growth, but it also supports us with a more compact urban form,” says Wood.
“This is actually one of the more structural things that we can do to reduce emissions, because if you put someone on the fringes of the city, by definition, many of their journeys are going to be long journeys.
“If you build houses next to an amazing rapid transit network, close to schools, employment and recreation, people are going to emit much less by definition.”
Each of the three options enable a mode shift away from private vehicles and therefore a reduction in Auckland’s carbon emissions.
The light metro and tunnelled light rail options encourage higher numbers of people and therefore result in fewer emissions, however light rail on the surface has less embedded carbon because less concrete and steel is involved in the construction.
“We get to a point of carbon neutrality and start reducing carbon more quickly with surface light rail, but over the long run the others catch up,” says Wood. “At 2050, surface light rail is the better option for carbon reduction, but over the long-run, the others are.”
Cabinet’s decision later this month will weigh up all aspects including climate, cost, disruption, value for money, and the ability to open up housing. “I want to be clear with the trade-offs,” says Wood, “and in this case, it’s not a simple one.”
Opportunity for the private sector. But no PPP
Wood says a public-private partnership (PPP) has been ruled out for the Auckland light rail project, with Cabinet having already decided it will be taken forward using a public service delivery model. This is partly due to the previous iteration of the project floundering during the PPP selection process. Wood says many months could have been spent debating the merits of the delivery model, but for him, the most important thing is to move forward and deliver it.
He adds he also has a personal view that bringing PPP into public transport projects is a little more complex, “because the integration with existing networks and existing public transport operations is more complex if you have another player in the mix.”
Wood says the Government is open to PPPs when it stacks up, but stresses that there are “significant opportunities for investment right across the board” for the private sector for this project and other transport projects across New Zealand.
This will be the biggest transport project in New Zealand’s modern history, and the start of a broader programme of investing in mass rapid transport, beginning a pipeline of city-wide mass rapid transit work over the coming 20-plus years. That’s the first time we’ve really been able to say that as a Government,” he says.
“It offers industry the opportunity to start doing some forward planning. Obviously, the core transport infrastructure job needs to be done that will require both a high level of technical expertise, but also just a lot of work, as well.
“From the broader planning and urban design community, there will be a wholesale urban regeneration along this corridor that will offer opportunities for investment in commercial property, residential property — we are talking about an urban uplift of between 20,000 and 35,000 houses along the corridor.”
Community engagement encouraged
Wood says engagement from the community will be important for the project to succeed, and is a core part of the Light Rail team’s remit.
It has already been gathering the views of Aucklanders, and has found considerable excitement about light rail and the reduction in carbon footprint. But there are concerns about affordability of use, construction disruption and environmental, cultural, civic and heritage impacts.
He says the master planning phase of the project will be a critical point at which communities are brought in to share their views on what the vision should be for various communities and town centres along the light rail route.
“We want to hear the vision for communities in Eden Terrace, Mt Roskill and Onehunga over the next 50 years, and how we can bring together transport with housing, public open spaces and lively town centres.”
Auckland’s 2050 public transport network
Transport Minister Michael Wood says his vision for Auckland’s transport network in 2050 is one that is clean, carbon-neutral, and connects and enhances communities — instead of bypassing and gutting them, “as our transport network sometimes has in the past. It supports a high level of good quality, compact urban growth, and enables more affordable, accessible places for people to live.
“Fundamentally it enables a good standard of living and enables connection to employment, recreation and to other things that are important for people’s lives.”
But the key, Wood says, is for a genuinely linked-up public transport network across all aspects of the region that people and freight can move around efficiently.
“That’s something we haven’t ever quite cracked in Auckland.
“But it’s something that all grown up, successful international cities have.”
Three options for light rail
Light rail: consisting of modern trams running on tracks embedded into the road but separated from traffic. It would travel totally on the surface. Sometimes that would be on roads and sometimes along the motorway.
The Auckland Light Rail team investigated Light Rail on Dominion Road and on Sandringham Road, and on balance, its investigations favoured Dominion Road.
One consideration was that a light rail route on Sandringham Road would require a significant power cable to be relocated to Dominion Road, which would delay works by up to two years and would mean that businesses and residents on both Dominion Road and Sandringham Road would be affected by construction disruption.
Light metro: a rail-based mode that is grade-separated (it is elevated or underground).
The Light Metro option would travel through tunnels built under densely populated urban areas and on the surface through non-urban areas, such as motorways.
Tunnelled light rail: like light rail, this option would also consist of modern trams, but would be partly tunnelled from Wynyard Quarter to Mt Roskill, with the balance of the route running on the surface (on roads and sometimes along the motorway). It would incorporate underground stations in the city centre and on the isthmus including the University precinct.
For the tunnelled portion, the alignment does not need to follow the road, so the actual route and station locations would be developed in the detailed planning phase, including through consultation with communities, iwi and stakeholders.
History of light rail in Auckland
1902-1956
Electric trams ran from downtown at the Waitematā Harbour and across to Onehunga on the Manukau Harbour. They were then the world’s only coast to coast tramway system.
1956
The decision was made to rip up the tramlines and use buses.
Late 1960s
Auckland’s longest-serving mayor, Sir Dove-Myer Robinson, pushed for an underground rail loop known as Robbie’s Rapid Rail, including connections to Whangaparāoa, Hobsonville, Howick, the airport and an underground CBD rail loop.
1975
Robbie’s Rapid Rail was scuppered by the newly elected National government led by Muldoon.
2014
AT suggested light rail from CBD to Mt Roskill with main roads into the city reaching near capacity.
Mayor Len Brown wanted the focus to stay on getting government approval for the City Rail Link.
2016
During his by-election campaign in Mt Roskill, Michael Wood promised to fast-track a light rail system from Auckland’s Wynyard quarter to Mt Roskill.
2017
During the election campaign, Labour pledged it would build light rail from downtown Auckland to the airport within a decade.
June 2020
Then-Transport Minister Phil Twyford announced Cabinet had agreed to suspend the project until after the election because Government parties were unable to reach an agreement, with the Greens in favour but NZ First refusing to support it.
March 2021
Transport Minister Michael Wood sent light rail back to the drawing board, tasking a group of experts to develop a business case to revive the project.
https://www.timmccready.nz/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Infrastructure-light-rail-Auckland-Dec21.jpg7831054tim.mccreadyhttps://www.timmccready.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/TimMcCready_banner.pngtim.mccready2021-12-01 12:39:012021-12-02 12:44:40Infrastructure: Auckland’s light rail project poised to take a major step (NZ Herald)
The full APEC CEO Summit is now available to watch, free, here.
Over two days in November, the world’s most influential political, business and thought leaders came together for the APEC CEO Summit 2021 to discuss ways the region can learn from each other and work together and to ensure it emerges from the pandemic stronger than ever.
The Summit addressed challenges and opportunities presented by the current situation, with a focus on five themes: the state of the world with, and post Covid; the digital disruption opportunity; the primacy of trust; the future of energy; and the sustainability imperative.
The state of the world with and post-COVID
The Summit was set at a complicated economic period as the world rebuilds in the wake of the pandemic. Just a year prior, the region’s economy saw a record contraction of -5 per cent, with estimates suggesting the Asia-Pacific lost over $2 trillion in potential trade over 2020.
This downturn was both faster and deeper compared to the global financial crisis – although will likely be shorter. Demonstrating this rapid turnaround, the last quarter saw record growth of 10 per cent in the region.
Keynotes from PwC global chair Bob Moritz and OECD Secretary-General Mathias Cormann, along with Dr Alan Bollard’s panel discussion on the economic state of the world helped to decipher the recovery and set the scene for the Summit. While the tone from speakers was optimistic, they cautioned the economy is still significantly impacted by the ongoing disruption of the pandemic and can be seen reflected in myriad contradictions.
The dramatic increase in trade is predominantly occurring in merchandise, with the region experiencing a chronic shortage of goods to meet demand, yet services trade is still worryingly negative.
Domestic investment has been increasing, but foreign direct investment is at a 20-year low.
Costs and wages are increasing, but productivity is stagnant.
Jobs are being displaced, but skills shortages are being reported widely across the region.
Uncertainty and significant downside risks remain, including inflationary pressures and the emergence of new Covid strains, vaccination levels and continued disruption from the pandemic – including the fourth wave beginning to sweep through Europe.
But the recovery is also providing the region tremendous opportunity – particularly for those businesses able to adapt and grow quickly and create supply chains that are robust and scalable.
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, this year’s APEC chair, said in her opening address:
“We have a saying in New Zealand. He rau ringa e oti ai – many hands make light work.
“The heavy load of a global pandemic that in equal measure threatens lives and livelihoods has been countered only with an extraordinary commitment to unity, partnership and progress in spite of the challenges.”
Former New Zealand Prime Minister and Administrator of United Nations Development Programme Helen Clark shared a similar sentiment, reminding delegates that they must work together and grab hold of the positives that can come from standing up to a crisis.
“We can strengthen our national systems for pandemic preparedness and response, and we can strengthen the global systems. All of that is good for business,” she said.
“If we are looking at the world we are trying to create, inclusion going forward is critical. But we must also build in resilience. Because if we don’t have resilient systems like with pandemic preparedness and response, we will repeat these lessons over and over.”
Recently elected President of Peru, José Pedro Castillo Terrones, shared a similar view, noting the APEC forum “is an important space for coordinating measures and identifying good public policy practices to face complex health and economic challenges.”
The digital disruption opportunity
While all economies across the APEC region have been impacted by the pandemic, there is clear evidence that those with digital readiness endured the pandemic and rebounded better.
Economies with both physical and digital infrastructure have been faster to deploy digital tools in the fight against Covid-19 – including contact tracing, proof of vaccine and digital trade facilitation – which has enabled them to keep their economies more open.
The pandemic acted as an accelerant and removed hurdles for innovation. Five years’ worth of technology adoption occurred within the first eight weeks of the pandemic, and the importance of its role as an enabler of trade was reiterated in almost every session at the Summit.
“The companies without digitalisation have been hit harder,” said Diane Wang, chair and CEO of DHGate. “They are at a crossroads… the choices we make today will have consequences on gender equality, digital equality and inclusive growth, for decades to come.”
In her keynote address, technology entrepreneur Amber Mac cautioned CEOs that “it may feel like there is a thick line between what you do and what big tech does, but as you embrace a tech-first strategy – an obvious path to succeed in today’s digital world – that line will soon begin to blur.”
Companies, government, and the public sector were urged to continue to seize the opportunities from digitalisation, with a heavy emphasis that the economic recovery post-Covid will continue to be digitally enabled.
Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are particularly vulnerable to the economic impacts of the pandemic. With MSMEs making up over 97 per cent of all enterprises in the region and employing over half the workforce, digital adoption and access to innovation and will be essential for all business.
This was highlighted by Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, who stressed that most SMEs are not as digitally prepared as large businesses, and risk being left behind. “APEC economies must help SMEs and their workers make the digital transition,” he said.
He also acknowledged that the rapid uptake of digital innovation means that APEC economies need to do more to invest in the digital frameworks of the future, including digital identity, digital payments solutions, data exchange, data authorisation and consent.
Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison used his address to express his concern over the rise of technology, and the ability for it to be used for bad, as well as good.
Morrison called for stronger rules for the tech sector and suggested it would be better for the sector to work in partnership with governments on regulation – saying that if not, governments will do it anyway, and “will stuff it up because they don’t understand it the same way.”
The primacy of trust
Along with digital adoption, the pandemic has also accelerated the erosion of trust around the world. There is an epidemic of misinformation and widespread mistrust of societal institutions and leaders around the world.
This extends to business, and as trust expert and public relations leader Richard Edelman told the Summit, earning trust has never been more important – or more challenging.
He described how employees have emerged as the most important stakeholder in business, with people “voting with their feet” and making major decisions – including what they buy and who they work for – based on personal beliefs.
The growing expectation of business to focus on societal engagement with the same rigor, thoughtfulness and energy used to deliver on profit was evident from delegates – the primacy of trust quickly became the most interactive session at the Summit, attracting robust discussion through the conference platform.
Edelman explained how consumers, employees and other broad stakeholders are paying more attention to what businesses say and do, and how they respond to issues including climate change, racial injustice, and other societal issues.
Intrinsically tied into trust is the need for business to apply environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles to their strategy and operations to create value for all of society.
Reiterating Edelman, the ESG panel told the Summit that there is now a much broader group of stakeholders that must be considered, including employees and the community. But beyond this, there is a growing consensus that ESG has become an extremely powerful driver for business success and financial return and is no longer seen as something that only adds costs to business.
The panel called for business leaders across the region to put ESG front and centre, integrating the principles into the purpose and values of an organisation and ensuring their commitment is actionable, verifiable, and transparent.
“The actions required are expensive, substantial, and they have to be core to an organisations strategy,” said McKinsey’s Andrew Grant. “They can’t just be window dressing or a box-ticking exercise.”
The panel said that businesses must lean in and recognise that doing good for society is also good for business.
This call for business to be a force for good in the world was repeated in the highly anticipated keynote address from international human rights lawyer Amal Clooney. She told delegates that we no longer live in a world where businesses can say ‘human rights are none of our business’.
“It is increasingly difficult for companies to say ‘we are just here to make a profit’ and bury their heads in the sand,” she said.
“Businesses, big multinational corporations, and tech companies in particular are a key part of our multilateral world of decision-makers, and each one will decide whether to be a force for good or complicit in abuses of power.”
The sustainability imperative
The Summit was unique this year, with a political leader from outside the 21 APEC economies asked to give a perspective from outside the region. The conversation between German Chancellor Angela Merkel and New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern traversed the state of the world, Covid-19, digital innovation, sustainability and leadership.
While the discussion gave many fascinating insights, one of the key points raised was the need to take the lessons from Covid-19 and to apply them to other critical areas. The pandemic forced governments and businesses to act with urgency and in partnership with different sectors and communities who know their people best.
This same principle could be applied to manage other world problems, including climate change, scaling the uptake of renewable energy, and dealing with pressing environmental and biodiversity issues.
“Never before have we been able to realise how interconnected we are globally,” said Merkel.
“What is happening here influences what is happening in Africa, in New Zealand and in the United States of America. That sense of how small our globe actually is when it looks to the spread of such a virus should continue to guide us when we tackle issues like biodiversity and climate protection.”
This message was echoed by Canadian environmentalist Dr David Suzuki, who gave a deeply passionate keynote address. He told attendees that the planet is “at code red – and that spells trouble for humans.”
“Nature pays no attention to human laws and borders,” he said. “We are animals. If we don’t have air for three minutes we die and if it is polluted, we get sick. But we use air as a garbage can for toxic waste. We must show reciprocity and responsiveness so nature can continue to be abundant and generous.
“Success as a species is to look ahead, recognise dangers and opportunities and choose a deliberate path to avoid danger.”
Viet Nam President Nguyen Xuan Phuc affirmed the strategic importance of sustainable development and climate change response for the region.
“Our green planet is shaken by cumulative and unprecedented impacts caused by climate change, extreme natural disasters, environmental degradation, and the COVID-19 pandemic,” he said.
“Time is not on our side, for these challenges continue to worsen with every passing day. Thus, we need to work closely together to overcome such hardships.”
A similar call was echoed by President of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping.
“APEC economies should make its post-pandemic recovery a green one and take the lead in making a science-based response to climate change,” he told the Summit – just hours after announcing a surprise plan with the US to work together on cutting greenhouse gas emissions in the crucial next decade.
The future of energy
The APEC region demands around 60 per cent of the world’s energy consumption, and transitioning to new forms of clean energy production and consumption will be an essential part of meeting our climate change challenges.
In her keynote address on future energy challenges, Tesla chair Robyn Denholm told APEC economies that they must act now to accelerate their transition to renewable energy to power utilities, vehicles, communities and homes.
“We all succeed or fail together in the race to zero emissions,” she said.
Denholm said the growth in electric vehicle sales was encouraging, but it would be a steep climb to eliminate combustion engines. Getting there would require a joint effort between the public and private sector, with significant capital investment and supporting policies that set standards and deadlines on emissions to accelerate the transition.
“Vehicle pollution reduction will be only as fast as our ability to ramp up battery production and EV manufacturing,” she said.
In the panel on future energy solutions, Blackrock managing director for renewable power and sustainable investing Dr Valerie Speth, told delegates that there is no topic ranking higher than climate change and decarbonisation among her colleagues and investors.
“It is the best investment opportunity for the coming decades,” she said.
A similar message was shared by President of the Republic of Korea, Moon Jae-in. His administration has closed domestic coal-fired power plants, stopped permits for new ones and cut public funding for new overseas coal power plants.
“Instead, we are expanding the use of safe and clean energy,” he said. “By 2025 we will have more than doubled solar and wind power facilities from 2020 levels.”
South Korean companies are making a $37 billion investment in and exploring partnerships on all aspects of the hydrogen economy from production to distribution to end use.
He said that as an economic forum that represents 61 per cent of world GDP, APEC “will stand at the forefront of cultivating the hydrogen economy ecosystem.”
Looking to the future
The Asia-Pacific region is home to 270 million indigenous people, making up around 70 per cent of the world’s indigenous population. Yet the full potential of the community’s contribution to the region’s economy remains largely untapped and was disproportionately impacted by the pandemic.
The panel on the indigenous economy featured speakers from Aotearoa New Zealand, Canada and Australia, and discussed indigenous leadership and the ethos of putting culture at the centre of decision making.
Rangimarie Hunia, chief executive Ngāti Whātua Ōrakei Whai Māia, told the Summit that indigenous people have values and approaches that are ancient.
“When we start to be in the game of business, we take those values and we apply them to the long-term, not the short,” she said. “When I hear things like planet over profit, that has been our way of doing since time immemorial.”
Continuing the theme of ‘looking to the future’ was a focus on young people, who make up one-third of the region’s population. The Summit had the most ever young people attend as delegates, as well as many younger voices featured in keynotes and panels throughout.
One of the most inspiring keynote addresses came from Jerome Foster II – aged just 19 and the youngest ever adviser to a US President.
Foster was appointed to President Biden’s Environmental Justice Advisory Council after spending every Friday for 58 weeks campaigning for the climate outside the White House during Donald Trump’s presidency.
He encouraged other young people attending the Summit to know that they “have so much potential… this is the perfect time for you to really step into that, and to merge your passion with what you want to do for a living.”
“As a young person it often feels like you’re inheriting an Earth that is completely backwards,” he said. “But it is now our role to figure out how we are going to make that better.”
It is the next generation, after all, that are the biggest stakeholders in the work that APEC is doing.
Watch Tim McCready and panel: Fran O’Sullivan, Brent Wilton and Hannah Pattullo discuss what was learnt at the 2021 APEC CEO Summit.
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https://www.timmccready.nz/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/voices.jpg10801920tim.mccreadyhttps://www.timmccready.nz/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/TimMcCready_banner.pngtim.mccready2021-11-10 14:14:352022-03-17 00:16:49APEC Voices of the Future 2021: Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern Q&A
Women’s economic empowerment has been a key pillar of Apec’s work, and since New Zealand last hosted Apec two decades ago, has made significant gains.
Economies across Apec have worked together to promote those with“untapped economic potential” — people who have faced barriers to full economic participation — to provide the energy and vision for future growth.
A key focus of this work has been addressing the structures that hold back women’s full economic participation. While there is still significant progress to be made, as this year’s host New Zealand is leading the way with three women — Andrea Smith, Barbara Chapman, and Rachel Taulelei — holding pivotal roles to deliver the year’s event.
Andrea Smith
One of the key diplomats leading New Zealand’s year as Apec host is Andrea Smith, Apec deputy secretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
She has been in the role since 2017, and in that time has seen events that have put New Zealand’s hosting of Apec at risk — including the fire at the Sky City International Convention Centre fire where the CEO Summit was originally to be held, and the Covid-19 pandemic, which ground travel to a halt and forced Apec to go fully virtual.
Smith says that as host, New Zealand is at the leading edge of shaping the agenda for the Asia-Pacific and has “skin in the game”.
“Fourteen of our top 20 export markets are Apec members, including the three largest economies in the world — the United States, China and Japan — and 18 of our 19 free trade agreements are with Apec partners.” says Smith.
“Trade between Apec economies is now eight times greater than it was in 1989; average incomes in the region have more than doubled.”
Smith says she will have done her job if the virtual host year of Apec runs well, with the delegates able to focus not on the technology or the virtual aspects but “if they are able to focus on the business of Apec and the issues they have to address, like Covid-19, where Apec has a considerable role to play”.
Barbara Chapman
Chair of the Apec CEO Summit, Barbara Chapman is also chair of Genesis Energy and NZME, publisher of the New Zealand Herald, an independent director of Fletcher Building, a member of the independent expert advisory panel for the New Zealand Reserve Bank Act review and a previous member of the Prime Minister’s Business Advisory Council. She was previously CEO and managing director of ASB Bank, before retiring from her executive career.
Chapman says the summit is a great opportunity for New Zealand to showcase how adaptable it is, and for businesses to connect with each other.
“Given the many challenges that businesses in New Zealand and around the Apec economies are facing, it would be easy to dismiss this opportunity and focus on the day-to-day issues.
“But given the critical need for international connections, trade pathways, and digital technology to revive and repair some of the Covid-damaged parts of our economies and our trading networks, this is a once-in-a-generation opportunity for New Zealand businesses, organisations and individuals to hear from the world’s leading thinkers and be part of these important conversations.”
Rachel Taulelei
Co-founder of business design and brand strategy firm Oho, Rachel Taulelei is New Zealand’s lead representative and 2021 chair of the Apec business advisory council (Abac).
A prominent business leader, Taulelei is a strong advocate for the Māori economy and sustainability in the food and beverage sector.
Taulelei says if there was ever a time for the conversations that New Zealand’s host year allows, it is surely now, when the continuing challenge of the pandemic requires a co-ordinated, collective response.
“When it comes to finding the solutions for overcoming the health crisis, getting back into growth mode and addressing long term structural issues like sustainability, digitalisation and inclusion, Abac ensures the voice of business is heard,” she says.
For Taulelei, this means putting people at the centre of everything we do.
“We need to do so in a way that respects and preserves the environment in which we live. And we have to continue to have regard for continuing to advance economic well-being,” she says.
At this week’s CEO Summit, Taulelei will be speaking on a panel about sustainability, and the areas the Apec region should be thinking about and working together on to tackle the environmental crisis, address climate change, and foster green, resilient and inclusive growth.
Women and the economy
Covid-19 has disproportionately impacted women’s employment. At the same time, a significant amount of the essential work and caring responsibilities during the pandemic have been carried out by women.
Advancing women’s empowerment is an important part of Apec’s goal to achieve inclusive and sustainable growth across the Asia Pacific region. Earlier this year, Apec held a Women and the Economy Forum, to address outstanding issues for women and girls across the region as it recovers from the pandemic.
The forum brought together Ministers and representatives from 21 economies. They issued a statement to prioritise implementation of the La Serena Roadmap (Apec’s action plan on women’s economic empowerment agreed in 2019), gender responsive policies for recovery from the pandemic and ensuring a sustainable, resilient recovery for women and girls.
Following the forum, Minister for Women Jan Tinetti said:
“Some key issues we’ve identified include women’s representation in trade, changes to address gender pay gaps and occupational segregation, the disproportionate share of care work undertaken by women and girls, equal access to digital skill training and financial literacy and gender-based violence…
“We are committed to further improving the lives of women and girls in Aotearoa NZ. Our focus includes developing a Women’s Employment Action Plan to support women to build back better after the pandemic, women in leadership, closing the gender pay gap, safety from family and sexual violence and improving outcomes for wāhine Māori.
• In the Apec region, 77 women are working for every 100 men. In the rest of the world it is 67 women for every 100 men. No economy has top female managers in more than 30 per cent of firms
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